Bio

I'm Alexander (Alex) Scheinker. I lead the Adaptive Machine Learning team at Los Alamos National Laboratory, and I work on generative AI for systems that change with time.

My research builds model-free adaptive feedback from control theory into generative models. The feedback tunes the latent variables and conditioning inputs of a trained diffusion model or autoencoder, so the model tracks a time-varying system through distribution shift at test time, from limited measurements, with no retraining and no gradients through the model. In machine-learning terms, this is closed-loop, gradient-free test-time adaptation. The feedback algorithm is bounded extremum seeking, a zeroth-order method that I developed for stabilizing and optimizing unknown, time-varying systems, and that I have applied to particle accelerators and to 3D imaging for materials science. My recent work covers gradient-free sampling from generative models and test-time uncertainty estimates for autoregressive diffusion rollouts.

Bounded Extremum Seeking: Stabilizing and Optimizing Unknown Systems.

I invented an adaptive feedback algorithm known as Bounded Extremum Seeking which can optimize the outputs of or stabilize analytically unknown time-varying nonlinear dynamic systems with analytically unknown output functions.

Reference: Scheinker, Alexander. "Model independent beam tuning." Proceedings of the 2013 International Particle Accelerator Conference, Shanghai, China. 2013. Link to paper

And later proved this algorithm works with arbitrary measurable dithers (not required to be differentiable or continuous).

Reference: Scheinker, Alexander, and David Scheinker. "Bounded extremum seeking with discontinuous dithers." Automatica 69 (2016): 250-257. Link to paper

Autonomous Particle Accelerators: Adaptive Control of Particle Accelerators and Adaptive Machine Learning for Virtual Beam Diagnostics.

I have applied this algorithm to particle accelerators around the world (at LANL, SLAC, CERN, LBNL, BNL, and DESY) for autonomous beam tuning and virtual 6D beam diagnostics, and for material science applications for 3D dynamic imaging.

Reference: Scheinker, Alexander, et al. "Demonstration of model-independent control of the longitudinal phase space of electron beams in the linac-coherent light source with femtosecond resolution." Physical review letters 121.4 (2018): 044801. Link to paper
Reference: Scheinker, Alexander, et al. "Model-independent tuning for maximizing free electron laser pulse energy." Physical review accelerators and beams 22.8 (2019): 082802. Link to paper
Reference: Scheinker, Alexander. "Physics-constrained superresolution diffusion for six-dimensional phase space diagnostics." Physical Review Research 7.2 (2025): 023091. Link to paper
Reference: Scheinker, Alexander, et al. "PhaseFlow4D: Physically Constrained 4D Beam Reconstruction via Feedback-Guided Latent Diffusion." Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR) Workshops, 2026, pp. 4729-4737. Link to paper

Adaptive Latent Space Tuning: Adaptive Control of Latent Space Dynamics.

I developed a method of adaptive latent space tuning, for controlling the latent dynamics of generative models, to make them robust for time-varying systems.

Reference: Scheinker, Alexander. "Adaptive machine learning for time-varying systems: low dimensional latent space tuning." Journal of Instrumentation 16.10 (2021): P10008. Link to paper

Bidirectional autoregressive models can predict their own rollout errors.

Recently, I developed a general method which allows generative autoregressive models to estimate their own rollout errors at test time when the ground truth is not available. This general method is applicable to generative diffusion models, flow models, and any other autoregressive rollout approach.

Reference: Scheinker, Alexander. "Round-Trip Consistency: Bidirectional Diffusion Models Can Predict Their Own Rollout Errors." arXiv preprint arXiv:2608.00675 (2026). Link to paper

About Me

I have a PhD in Control Theory and Masters degrees in Math and Physics. I am the Adaptive Machine Learning Team Leader at Los Alamos National Laboratory and a Research Affiliate at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.

Recent Work

Gradient-free sampling from energy-based and score-based generative models: bounded extremum seeking replaces the score term with a high-frequency dithered cosine of the model's value, so sampling needs no gradient evaluations of the model. The approach is aimed at latent-space sampling when the model is a black box and the target drifts in time.

Reference: Scheinker, Alexander. "Gradient-Free Sampling from Generative Models via Stochastic Bounded Extremum Seeking." arXiv preprint arXiv:2610.04568 (2026). Link to paper

Adaptive generative diffusion models for time-varying systems and round-trip consistency, a self-supervised test-time method for generative autoregressive models to predict their own rollout errors without access to ground truth.

Reference: Scheinker, Alexander. "Round-Trip Consistency: Bidirectional Diffusion Models Can Predict Their Own Rollout Errors." arXiv preprint arXiv:2608.00675 (2026). Link to paper